THE X-RAY AUDIO BOOK

Our book 'X-RAY AUDIO: THE STRANGE STORY OF SOVIET MUSIC ON THE BONE' has arrived from the printers. It looks amazing.

DJ Food kindly provided the images below - check out his blog post on the book HERE.  

The book and special edition with 'bone' flexi-disc can be ordered HERE

ORDER NOW to reserve one of a special Limited  Edition of 500 copies with flexidisc insert containing original Soviet bootleg Bone music and a specially recorded exclusive track by The Real Tuesday Weld

In the cold war era, the Soviet recording industry and permissible musical repertoire were ruthlessly controlled by the State. But a secret and risky subculture of bootleg recordings arose. Incredibly, bootleggers built homemade recording machines and found an extraordinary way to copy banned gramophone records – they used X-Rays clandestinely obtained from hospitals

X-Ray Audio: The Strange Story of Soviet Music on the Bone tells the secret history of these ghostly records and of the people who made, bought and sold them.  Lavishly illustrated with images of discs collected in Russia, it is a unique story of forbidden culture, bootleg technology and human endeavour. Contributions from Russian musical commentators and interviews, including one with the last bootlegger standing, set the scene for the intersection of ideological, technological and historical events that created this brief Samizdat musical culture.

In a time when songs can be copied in an instant and when streaming services provide virtually infinite choice and access, X-Ray Audio provides a poignant reminder of the immense cultural value of music and the extraordinary lengths people to which people will go to listen to what they love.

EDITED BY
Stephen Coates 

CONTRIBUTORS:

Paul Heartfield
Maksim Kravchinsky 

Sukhdev Sandhu

INTERVIEWEES:

Artyemi Troistsky, Aleks Kolkowski,  Rudy Fuchs, Kolya Vasin

BIRMINGHAM BONE SHOW

The X-Ray Audio exhibtion is currently at Vivid Projects in Birmingham.  We made several new pieces for the show including two new films - one an interview with bone bootlegger cut with archive material and one en ephemeral piece illustrating the process of making an x-ray record.

The show runs until 21st December - details HERE

This Friday 13th we will be hosting a live events with a very special guest - Nick and Christian from The Leisure Society - Aleks will cut a n x-ray record live from their performance.

Go  HERE for details

We will be back at London's The Horse Hospital from 28th November - 21st December

In the meantime, enjoy these images from the show courtesy of GREG MILNER

THE SOUND OF BONE

We routinely talk about the sound of bones records being pretty poor. It is clear from testimony from the 1940s and 1950s that they could often sound terrible - even when new. The quality would mainly be affected by the skill of the bootlegger and the lathe they were using.  As the practice spread and the opportunity to make money from bone business grew, more unscrupulous dealers got involved and the quality dropped - particularly when deals were conducted anonymously rather than between people who knew each other.

So I was very surprised recently when I met collector Victor Dubiler in Moscow and we played some of his bone records.  Check out this film to see why.

The sound quality is amazing - Bill Haley and Elvis are really kicking - and that is when they are just coming out of Victor's small speaker. I don't think you could tell much difference between this bootleg and the original records.  This a double sided bone too - and that is very rare - I have only come across one other before. The plastic that this is cut on may in fact not be an undeveloped X-ray at all but another type of film.  Victor thought it may be the film that was used for aerial photography. We have heard about this but have not come across it before - and assumed it hadn't been used much because of the difficulty of getting hold of it or the risk of getting caught with it - or perhaps because it didn't sound very good.

The last is definitely NOT the case if this is such film - even if this is a record that has miraculously survived unplayed for all these years.

TED TALK: X-RAY AUDIO

At TED in Krakow in June 2015, Stephen presented the X-Ray Audio project, telling the story of the Soviet bootleggers, bone music and asking the question: "What would you risk to listen to music?"

An Extraordinary Phenomenon of Soviet Culture

Alexandr Akhmadeev wrote in and sent these wonderful images of three of his collection of celluloid based 40's - 60's Soviet records. 

The inscriptions read: 'Sokolsky', (Konstantin Sokolsky,  a forbidden artist popular on x-ray bootlegs) 'Sinyaya rapsodia' or Rhapsody in Blue, (a version of the Gershwin piece) and 'Domino' (possibly as in 'Fats Domino'). On the last record there is another inscription, which Alexandr assumes is the last name of the x-ray's patient.

He says:
'I consider X-ray records as an extraordinary phenomenon of the Soviet culture that should be saved for the next generations'

Absolutely,

Thanks so much Alexandr.

Bones and Beyond

The Soviet Bootleggers would happily use any surface that would take a groove to record on. These included x-ray films that had not been used, had been discarded or overdeveloped, plus a range of other plastic films.  They also repurposed the 'Sound Cards' or 'Sound Letters' which were commercially available and officially made for novelty recording machines in tourist resorts.

Here are some more lovely examples from Victor Dubiler's collection.  The Rolling Stone one looks like a Golden Dog Gang production but must have been later (check out the length of Jagger's hair). There is also deeply strange one with a child. Who knows what that was about?

The lines between legal, illegal, official, unofficial, outright bootlegs and pirate records were grey, so it is often impossible to to tell the status of particular record- even when the music on a disc is accurately represented by the titles written on the disc.

You can see more 'non bone' Bones  HERE and various examples of Soundcards HERE

New Bones

Thanks to all the people who have got in touch as a result of our recent activities and press.  Here are a selection of images of  bones records sent by Victor Dubiler.  Victor has been collecting Russian gramophone records since the 1960s - he now has over 30, 000.  Yes, you read it right - 30,000..

There are some real beauties here with music by Bill Haley, Elvis and Louis Armstrong. And more to come..

Thanks to Victor

A New Bone is Born

In January  during the X-Ray Audio exhibition at London's The Horse Hospital, we held two live events. Stephen told the story of the original Soviet X-Ray bootlegs and the people who made them and Aleks Kolkowski explained the process of recording audio onto a used X-Ray film.

In the second half, Stephen and Marcella Puppini of The Puppini Sisters performed the song 'Those Were the Days My Friend' (which is based on the old Russian song 'Endless Road') whilst Aleks cut their performance to an x-ray film with a 1940s lathe.

Thus, a new X-Ray record was made live and played back on a gramophone to a rather delighted crowd..

The End of the Bone Era

The period of X-Ray bootlegs ended quite abruptly.  Some say within a year.  Around 1963 - 4, something happened which changed everything - and it was nothing to do with the authorities or clamp downs or censorship.  As has so often been the case in the music industry, it was a technological change - in this case, the reel to reel tape recorder.  These became widely available and cheap enough to be owned by many people.  There was no longer any need for the laborious complicated process involved in cutting music onto x-rays.  And you could fit a lot more music and at much better quality on to a reel of magnetic tape.

Home recording with tape became widespread  indeed it lasted right up until the 80s ushering in a period of what was called 'Magnetidzat'.  Why the authorities did not see this coming is anyone's guess.

X-Ray (Audio) Film

London Film maker Michal Dzierza has made this super short about the project shot in London's The Horse Hospital inside the X-Ray Audio exhibition we held there in January

We are at work on a long form at the moment - more on that in due course.

Bone Show

On Wednesday, we held a live event inside the X-Ray Audio exhibition at The Horse Hospital. There was an amazing packed audience. It is inspiring to realise how much people respond to this story.  We will be repeating it tonight (now sold out) and are preparing more dates for later in the year. In the meantime, here are some images by Paul Heartfield.

What was different, and amazing, this time was that Aleks cut a new X-Ray record direct from a live performance.  Stephen and Marcella Puppini of The Puppini Sisters performed 'Those Were The Days My Friend' the song made a world-wide hit by Mary Hopkins in 1968.  That song of course was a translation of  the Russian romance song "Dorogoi dlinnoyu" ("Дорогой длинною"), or "By the long road" composed by Boris Fomin with words by the poet Konstantin Podrevskii. Probably the most famous version before Mary Hopkins was by Alexander Vertinsky - and it was a favourite on Bone records.

Have a listen beneath. to both

For more images from the exhibition and live events, go HERE

Dorogoi Dlinnoyu

Alexander Vertinsky

Those Were the Days

Marcella and Stephen

Blood, Bone and Bootlegs

I was talking the other day and remembered that Rudy told me how he got the money to pay for his first recording machine.  Even though he had been an engineering student, he didn't have the expertise to craft the technology himself as it requires quite specific skills.  He commissioned someone he knew to make one to order and raised the funds - by repeatedly donating blood to a blood bank that paid a small sum each time.

At least I think that is what he said.  

If so, then that's what I call devotion.

Bones and Horses

Our exhibition at London's Horse Hospital runs until January 31st.  There is a selection of original beautiful and spooky forbidden x-ray bootlegs collected in Russia over the last few years plus film, images, associated ephemera and a miscellany of strange objects. It has been getting an extraordinary response. Stephen is on BBC's Today program talking about it this week and there are upcoming features in the national and music press.  Do see it if you can. It is wonderfully atmospheric in the cold war bunker atmosphere of the Horse Hospital

The live event on January 28th with Stephen and Aleks is sold out. and we have just agreed to another on Friday January 30th.  

More details HERE

Sign up for updates to be the first to know about more events

Bowlly on Bone

When I first met Rudy Fuchs, the last bootlegger standing, he was understandably a little suspicious.  We eventually bonded when he surprised me by playing an 1930s gramophone record by the Ray Noble orchestra and the crooner Al Bowlly.  Al Bowlly is one of my favourite artists.  

The interesting thing about the record was that it had a Russian label (see the image). I couldn't quite work out whether it was a record officially pressed or imported  into Russia  (or pirated) but Rudy had used it as the master copy from which to make various Bowlly Bones records in the 1950s.

The St Petersburg bootleggers generally got their Western records from Russian or foreign sailors in the port. Other travellers and diplomats would have brought records back too but probably for themselves rather than to sell.

Another source during the years 1931 - 1936, were the Torgsin stores for foreigners which were open to Soviet citizens too, provided they had access to hard currency, gold, or jewels.  The lower image shows an advertisement for the branch in St Petersburg.  

There it was possible to purchase goods such as food, clothing and even gramophone records which were unobtainable elsewhere. There were, of course, security guards at the door who would not let people in if they looked as if they hadn't got the hard currency. Locals would hang out near the shop to try to make trade with the foreigners coming out or make an order before they went in.

The Beryozka stores that opened from 1964 were similar but even less accessible to Soviet citizens - unless they were of the privileged inner party.

You can hear the Al Bowlly record (with Rudy's voice over) beneath.

Bowlly on Bone

Al Bowlly

A Bone Machine

Here is a little film clip made by Paul Heartfield of one of Rudy Fuch's original recording lathes used to make Bone records on X-Ray plates in the late 1950s and early 1960s.  

We made it when we visited Rudy last summer in his apartment in St Petersburg.  He is the last of the original St Petersburg bootleggers.

Brubeck on Bone

"No dictatorship can tolerate jazz - it just seems to represent freedom"

Dave Brubeck

Brubeck became the first American jazz musician to perform behind the Iron Curtain when he toured Poland in 1958.  Jazz had been popular and tolerated in both Poland and Russia at various times before the war but it was despised by Stalin, a prejudice enforced by the Polish communist government too. So after the war, Jazz could only be played in private houses during what became known as the “catacomb period”  (another bone reference ironically).

By 1958, with Stalin dead five years,  the climate had changed  - Poland in particular opened up to Western musical influences and was developing its own respected Jazz scene.

Music on the (skull) bones, Rilke and Primal Sound

"The coronal suture of the skull .. has–let us assume–a certain similarity to the closely wavy line which the needle of a phonograph engraves on the receiving, rotating cylinder of the apparatus" 

In 1919, relatively early in the development of recorded sound, the Austrian - Bohemian poet Rainer Maria Rilke (1875 - 1926) wrote an extraordinary essay describing a fantasy of playing the coronal suture of a human skull with a gramophone needle as if it were the groove on a wax cylinder.* Rilke speculated on the ‘primal sound’ that such playing could reveal and the unimaginable music of the feelings that are naturally inscribed on the surface of the skull.**

In some elliptical way, this evokes certain symbolic feelings associated with the 'Bones' bootlegs. Although the images of the X-Rays on the discs was almost certainly not as important to their owners as the music they contained, the poetical resonance of images of the interiors of Soviet citizens and the inscribed grooves of music they privately loved is virtually unavoidable - at least for us. 

Rainer Maria Rilke

*   For the full text of Rainer's Primal Sound piece, go HERE.

József Hajdú's X-Ray Record Photographs

This beautiful image is a photograph of a Bone record made by József Hajdú who worked in the postal museum in Budapest. It is one of several contact prints and enlargements from polaroids he made of various x-ray records found in the archives of Hungarian Radio.  His haunting images elevated the appearance of the low quality records to the level of high quality art.

The age and provenance of the records themselves imply that the technique of recording onto used X-Rays may have originally been invented in Hungary as an officially sanctioned response to a general shortage of material needed for the purpose. 

To see more of József's beautiful images go HERE

Image courtesy of József Hajdú and the Bolt Photo Gallery of Contemporary Arts.

X-Rays at The Wellcome Collection

We have just made a proposal to make an X-Ray Audio live event at London's Wellcome Trust.  More on that if it happens but in doing the research I came across this beautiful image in the Wellcome's amazing on line collection.

It is one the first X-ray images ever produced and was made by German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen (1845-1923) soon after his discovery of X-Radiology (using short wavelength electromagnetic radiation to make interior photographs) in 1895. 

It shows the bones of the hand of his wife, Anna, who was left handed, and who upon viewing her skeleton exclaimed: “I have seen my death!”

Röntgen was professor of Physics at Würtzburg University and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1901 for the application of radiology in photography. 

To see more X-Ray images from the Wellcome Library go here

Image courtesy of Wellcome Library

Live X-Ray Cutting at The Horse Hospital

Last Wednesday, we formally launched the X-Ray project  at London's Horse Hospital.  It was an amazing event.  Stephen introduced the project by telling the story of the X-Ray records in the Soviet Union and the cultural background that brought them about.

After the interval. Aleks Kolkowski gave a brief history of home-made recordings on plastic with various weird and wonderful examples from his collection.  Then, as the piece-de-resistance, he cut a new X-Ray record live from a specially written and recorded song by The Real Tuesday Weld: 'Skeletons in Waiting". 

We tried to replicate the process as nearly as possible to the way it would have been carried out originally - copying music from either a gramophone record or a new master.  The song "Skeletons is Waiting' was recorded in the studio and cut onto a dub plate  (a one-off vinyl master record).  At the event, we played the dub plate on a 1950s gramophone to demonstrate its sound and then Aleks used a recording lathe amalgamated from various original pieces of 1930s - 1950s equipment (see below), to copy and write the music onto a new X-Ray film obtained from the US.

If you were there, I am sure you will agree it was super exciting and funny.  First Aleks cut the square X-Ray into a circle and made a spindle hole, albeit with a hole punch rather than using the traditional method of rocketing a cigarette and burning a hole thought the plastic..

The X-Ray film was placed on the lathe and the audio from the gramophone sent to the lathe head.  There was much tension in the air as the lathe began to cut its spiral groove.  We had to do the whole thing twice as only one side of the X-Ray can properly take the groove and we started with the wrong one.

The finished Bone was then played back on the gramophone  to great cheering (and relief) from those present.  It sounded suitably 'bonelike' and scratchy and took quite some effort to keep on the turntable.

Check out the sound file to hear The Real Tuesday Weld on X-Ray.

This was all useful as a demonstration and experiment because  it showed how difficult and laborious the process of making such records actually is.  But now having  learned how, we will be repeating the experiment with refinements at future live events and for our upcoming radio documentary.

The Real Tuesday Weld dub plate - plus

A new X-Ray from the US - equals

A new The Real Tuesday Weld X-Ray Record

Skeletons in Waiting - X

The Real Tuesday Weld

Alek's lathe